Tuesday, November 11, 2008





































Be sure to look below after learning about the capital city of Atlanta, Georgia. I put a list of surviving veterans of World War I. As everyone is aware, today is Veterans Day and we should remember those who served.

The photos of Atlanta are: 1) the Atlanta skyline at night; 2) the Georgia State Capitol Building; 3) Piedmont Park with a portion of the Midtown Atlanta skyline in the background; 4) the World of Coca Cola Museum; 5) the High Museum of Art; 6) the Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 7) the Olympic Park Fountain; 8) the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site (located in the Sweet Auburn Historic District).

Atlanta is the capital and the largest city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a population of 519,145, and the core city of the ninth most populous United States metropolitan area at 5,278,904, with a combined statistical area of 5,626,400. Atlanta is a world city that ranks as the 33rd-largest in the United States. It is the county seat of Fulton County, although a small portion of the city extends into DeKalb County. Residents of the city are known as Atlantans.
Atlanta has in recent years undergone a transition from a city of regional commerce to a city of international influence, and has been among the fastest growing cities in the developed world for much of the 1990s and 2000s. Between 2000 and 2006, the metropolitan area grew by 20.5%, making it the fastest growing metropolitan area in the nation. The Atlanta Metropolitan Area is the central metropolis of the Southeastern United States and is also the largest metropolitan area in the emerging megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic MegaRegion (PAM).
The land where the city of Atlanta now resides was once an American Indian village called Standing Peachtree. The land that became the Atlanta area was sold by the Cherokee and Creeks to white settlers in 1822, with the first area settlement being Decatur. Soon, an informal trading post sprang up as the first white settlement, called Thrashersville.
On December 21, 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western and Atlantic Railroad to provide a trade route to the Midwestern United States. Following the forced removal of the Cherokee Nation between 1838 and 1839 the newly depopulated area was opened for the construction of a railroad. The area around the eastern terminus to the line began to develop first, and so the settlement was named "Terminus" in 1837. By 1842, the settlement had six buildings and 30 residents and the town was renamed "Marthasville". However, some felt the name to be too quaint. The Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, J. Edgar Thomson, suggested that the area be renamed "Atlantica-Pacifica", which was quickly shortened to "Atlanta". The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29, 1847.
By 1854, another railroad connected Atlanta to LaGrange, and the town grew to 9,554 by 1860.

During the American Civil War, Atlanta served as an important railroad and military supply hub. In 1864, the city became the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by Atlanta was the scene of several battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, and the Battle of Ezra Church. On September 1, 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta after a four-month siege mounted by Union General William T. Sherman and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed. The next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered the city, and on September 7 Sherman ordered the civilian population to evacuate. He then ordered Atlanta burned to the ground on November 11 in preparation for his march south, though he spared the city's churches and hospitals.
The rebuilding of the city was gradual. From 1867 until 1888, U.S. Army soldiers occupied McPherson Barracks in southwest Atlanta to ensure Reconstruction era reforms. To help the newly freed slaves, the Freedmen's Bureau worked in tandem with a number of freedmen's aid organizations, especially the American Missionary Association. In 1868, Atlanta became the fifth city to serve as the state capital. Henry W. Grady, the editor of the Atlanta Constitution, promoted the city to investors as a city of the "New South", one built on a modern economy, less reliant on agriculture. However, as Atlanta grew, ethnic and racial tensions mounted. The Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 left at least 27 dead and over 70 injured.

On December 15, 1939, Atlanta hosted the premiere of Gone With the Wind, the movie based on Atlanta-born Margaret Mitchell's best-selling novel. Stars Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, and Olivia de Haviland were in attendance, and it was held at Loew's Grand Theatre.
During World War II, manufacturing such as the Bell Aircraft factory in the suburb of Marietta helped boost the city's population and economy. Shortly after the war, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was founded in Atlanta.
In the wake of the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education, which helped usher in the Civil Rights Movement, racial tensions in Atlanta began to express themselves in acts of violence. On October 12, 1958, a Reform Jewish temple on Peachtree Street was bombed; the synagogue's rabbi, Jacob Rothschild, was an outspoken advocate of integration. A group of anti-Semitic white supremacists calling themselves the "Confederate Underground" claimed responsibility.

In the 1960s, Atlanta was a major organizing center of the Civil Rights Movement, with Dr. Martin Luther King and students from Atlanta's historically black colleges and universities playing major roles in the movement's leadership. Two of the most important civil rights organizations -- Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -- had their national headquarters in Atlanta. Despite some racial protests during the Civil Rights era, Atlanta's political and business leaders labored to foster Atlanta's image as "the city too busy to hate". In 1961, Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. became one of the few Southern white mayors to support desegregation of Atlanta's public schools.
Black Atlantans demonstrated growing political influence with election of the first African-American mayor in 1973. They became a majority in the city during the late 20th century but suburbanization, rising prices, a booming economy and new migrants have decreased their percentage in the city from a high of 66.8 percent in 1990 to about 54 percent in 2004. New immigrants such as Latinos and Asians are also altering city demographics, in addition to an influx of white residents.

In 1990, Atlanta was selected as the site for the 1996 Summer Olympics. Following the announcement, Atlanta undertook several major construction projects to improve the city's parks, sports facilities, and transportation. Atlanta became the third American city to host the Summer Olympics. The games themselves were marred by numerous organizational inefficiencies, as well as the Centennial Olympic Park bombing.

Today's Jumble (11/11/08):
GEHIT = EIGHT; GALIE = AGILE; WENITH = WHITEN; DANLUC = UNCLAD
CIRCLED LETTERS = HTAIWHND
A good way to begin a poker tournament.
"WITH (A) HAND"


Today is, of course, Veterans Day. It was originally Armistice Day and is still celebrated as such by people in other parts of the world. It is also called Remembrance Day. The U.S. calls it Veterans Day. It is the anniversary of the signing of the Armistice that ended World War I. Major hostilities of World War I were formally ended at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918 with the German signing of the Armistice.

The following is a list of known surviving veterans of the First World War (28 July 1914 - 11 November 1918). The total number of participating personnel is unknown, but there were an estimated nine million military casualties during the conflict.

112-year-old Briton Henry Allingham, born 6 June 1896, is currently the oldest living verified WWI veteran. Emiliano Mercado del Toro of Puerto Rico (21 August 1891–24 January 2007), who died aged 115, is the oldest authenticated veteran, from any conflict, to have ever lived. On 27 May 2008, the last Central Powers' veteran, Franz Künstler of Austria-Hungary, died at age 107.

Verified surviving veterans of the First World War—10 veterans:

Australia: Choules, Claude Stanley, born 3 March 1901, age 107
Australia: Ross, John Campbell (Jack), born 11 March 1899, age 109
France: Goux, Fernand, born 31 December 1899, age 108
France: Picault, Pierre, born 27 February 1899, age 109
United Kingdom: Allingham, Henry William, born 06 6 June 1896, age 112
United Kingdom: Hughes, Netherwood (Ned), born 12 June 1900, age 108
United Kingdom: Patch, Henry John (Harry), born 17 June 1898, age 110
United Kingdom: Stone, William Frederick (Bill), born 23 September 1900, age 108
United States: Babcock, John Henry Foster (Jack), born 23 July 1900, age 108
United States: Buckles, Frank Woodruff, born 1 February 1901, age 107

There are two unverified surviving veterans but I did not list them here. Also not listed are three veterans who are WWI era veterans who joined the service after Armistice Day but before the Treaty of Versailles.
In any event, remember those who served our countries in this "war to end all wars." And, remember veterans of all wars, no matter when that war occurred. Their sacrifices should never be forgotten.
Other things on this day in history:

308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Maxentius and Licinius to be Augusti, while rival contender Constantine I is declared Caesar of Britain and Gaul.
1215 - The Fourth Lateran Council meets, defining the doctrine of transubstantiation, the process by which bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ.
1500 - Treaty of Granada - Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.
1620 - In what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod, the Mayflower Compact is signed on the Mayflower, establishing the basic laws for the Plymouth Colony. (Old Style date; November 21 per New Style date.)
1634 - Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes "An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery".
1673 - Second Battle of Khotyn in Ukraine, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Jan Sobieski. defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets of Kazimierz Siemienowicz were successfully used.
1675 - Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = f(x) function.
1724 - Joseph Blake, alias Blueskin, a highwayman known for attacking "Thief-Taker General" (and thief) Jonathan Wild at the Old Bailey, is hanged in London.
1750 - The F.H.C. Society, also known as the Flat Hat Club, was formed at Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia. It was the first college fraternity.
1778 - Cherry Valley Massacre: an attack by Loyalists and Seneca Indian forces on a fort and village in eastern New York during the American Revolutionary War, killing more than forty civilians and soldiers.
1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Dürenstein - 8000 French troops attempted to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force.
1831 - In Jerusalem, Virginia, Nat Turner is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising.
1839 - The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia.
1864 - American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea - Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins burning Atlanta, Georgia to the ground in preparation for his march south.
1865 - Treaty of Sinchula is signed in which Bhutan ceded the areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company.
1880 - Australian Bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged at Melbourne Gaol.
1887 - Anarchist Haymarket Martyrs August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel are executed.
1887 - Construction of the Manchester Ship Canal starts at Eastham.
1889 - Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state.
1911 - Many cities in the U.S. Midwest broke their record highs and lows on the same day as a strong cold front rolls through. (see The 11/11/11 cold wave).
1918 - World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France. The war officially stops at 11:00 (The eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month).
1918 - Józef Piłsudski comes to Warsaw and assumes supreme military power in Poland. Poland regains its independence.
1918 - Emperor Charles I of Austria relinquishes power.
1919 - The Centralia Massacre in Centralia, Washington results the deaths of four members of the American Legion and the lynching of a local leader of the IWW.
1919 - Lāčuplēšu day - Latvian forces defeat the Freikorps at Riga in the Latvian War of Independence.
1921 - The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery.
1924 - Prime Minister Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaims the first Greek Republic.
1926 - U.S. Route 66 is established.
1930 - Patent number US1781541 was awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.
1933 - Dust Bowl: In South Dakota, a very strong dust storm strips topsoil from desiccated farmlands.
1940 - World War II: Battle of Taranto - The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.
1940 - The German cruiser Atlantis captures top secret British mail, and sends it to Japan.
1940 - Armistice Day Blizzard: An unexpected blizzard kills 144 in U.S. Midwest.
1942 - World War II: Nazi Germany completed their occupation of France.
1960 - A military coup against President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam was crushed.
1962 - Kuwait's National Assembly ratifies the Constitution of Kuwait.
1965 - In Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe), the white-minority government of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence.
1966 - NASA launches spaceship Gemini 12.
1967 - Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden.
1968 - Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal was to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.
1968 - A second republic is declared in the Maldives.
1972 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam.
1975 - Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam and commissions Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister, and announces a general election to be held in early December.
1992 - The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
2000 - In Kaprun, Austria, 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.
2001 - Journalists Pierre Billaud, Johanne Sutton and Volker Handloik are killed in Afghanistan during an attack on the convoy they were traveling on top off.
2004 - New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington.
2004 - Yasser Arafat is confirmed dead by the Palestine Liberation Organization, of unidentified causes. Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later.
2006 - The New Zealand war memorial monument was unveiled by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in London, United Kingdom, commemorating the loss of soldiers from the New Zealand Army and the British Army.

4 comments:

Dr. Dad said...

Alas, no one visited yesterday. Maybe better luck today.

Dennis said...

How could I not visit when you're featuring my old stomping grounds? Great job with the history. I still try and get down there once or twice a year if for no other reason than to visit the Varsity, the world's largest drive-in restaurant and home to the best child dog ever put in a bun. Almost every high school date in the area ended up there.

Dr. Dad said...

Hey, Dennis. Glad to see you dropped by. I didn't know Atlanta was your old stomping grounds. It sounds like a great city to visit. Someday, who knows? How many dates did you take to the drive in?

Dennis said...

drdad, back then, most high school dates ended up there, more so to cruise and be seen than to eat.

When you pulled in, if you signaled you were coming to eat, a carhop would 'hop' onto the hood of the car and ride to a parking spot with you. One of those guys (from the early 60s) is still there; I had a great time reminiscing with him last year.